The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use of recycled materials, in june 1993 the rta in conjunction with the australasian slag association, released a guide to the use of slag in roads. In recent times fly ash supply has been less reliable, and the rms specification 3211 cements, binders and fillers 4, allows for varying quantities of slag cement as a direct replacement. The primary raw material of slag cement is a byproduct from the iron blast furnace process. In any case, make certain that the limestone constituent is less than 15% of the total weight of the portlandlimestone cement. Two major uses of ggbs 2 are in the production of qualityimproved slag cement, namely portland blast furnace cement pbfc and high slag blast furnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. Jis for blast furnace slag cement was first developed in 1950, in which the content of blast furnace slag was specified to be approximately 70% or less. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield.
Evaluation of hotmix asphalt containing portland cement. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Normal concrete water concrete aggregate cement pfa c r1 pfa concre e r1 r2 pfa concrete aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh pfa slag concrete slag concrete slag slag concrete r1 aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh r2. If the link fails, the document cannot be downloaded, please click on the broken link to let us know. This applies to all cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, and blended cement sold to contractors for use. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Safety data sheet ground granulated blast furnace slag. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. Such a slag acquires liquid mobility and trickles down the furnace away from the site where it starts distorting plastically, as soon as possible.
Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. The use of blast furnace slag article pdf available in metalurgija sisak then zagreb 514. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10. The particles are further dried and ground in a rotating ball mill to form a fine powder, known as ground granulated blast furnace slag cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a supplementary cementitious material that is a partial replacement for portland cement in concrete and other similar products. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag sometimes, also referred to as ggbfs obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, dried and ground into a fine powder 3. This specification is approved by the environment protection authority under clause 4a of the environment protection waste to resources policy 2010 and applies to blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace.
Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Minnesota department of transportation mndot will only accept cementitious materials from the mndot certified sources list. When used as part of a portland cement concrete, slag reacts with both the water latent hydraulic reaction and the. Cementitious applications of ground iron blast furnace slag by donald w. Pdf immobilization of cesium with alkaliactivated blast.
This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. Although many of properties of slag are interesting, its porosity and absorption rate would lead to greater consumption of asphalt. To view the content of other pages click on the transfer page icon. Use of granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar m c nataraja1, p g dileep kumar2, a s manu1 and m c sanjay1 this paper investigates the possibility of utilizing granulated blast furnace slag gbfs as a sand substitute in cement mortar, in order to reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste. National slag nsa 1842 association glass content influence upon hydraulic potential of blast furnace slag by rene galibert it is generally admitted that blast furnace slags have hydraulic power that depends for one part on their chemical composition and for another on their microstructure. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Blast furnace slag is formed in a continuous process by melting lime andor dolomite, the waste from carbon sources and nonmetallic components of iron load e. The clinkers of cement are ground with about 60 to 65 per cent of. The main constituents of blast furnace slag are cao, sio2, al2o3 and mgo.
Minnesota department of transportation mndot will only accept cementitious materials from the. Lightweight cement aggregates are just one of the many and varied uses for this byproduct of the iron and steel. In 1955, blast furnace slag cement was classified into a, b, and c according to the content of blast furnace slag. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Basic oxygen furnace steel slag from domestic furnaces also has become less available recently because of the closure or idling of several integrated iron and steel complexes, although the existence at many sites of large slag. Effects of blast furnace slag on chloride permeability of. Chemicals present in ggbs cao 3050% sio2 2838% al2o3 824% mgo 118% mno 0.
Granulated blast furnace slag is considered a hazardous material according to the criteria specified in reach regulation ec no 19072006 and clp regulation ec no 12722008 and osha 29 cfr 1910. Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. Chemical admixtures and ground granulated blast furnace slag. The use of fine blast furnace slag in improvement of. Mechanically activated granulated blast furnace slag was used in the range of 20% 75% to replace clinker in portland slag cement. The majority of the demand for these products comes from the field of cement. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cement slag aggregate system due to slag particle shape and surface texture. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in. Blast furnace cement in blast furnace cement, the slag as obtained from blast furnace is used. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea.
The slag content in cement is 50, 60, 70, and 80 percent. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. In this study, moderate heat portland cement, in which the fineness is 300 mkg, and granulated blast furnace slag, in which the fineness is 300, 400, 500, and 600 mkg, were made. It consists of nonmetallic minerals, which are tapped off from the blast furnace while molten. Abstract ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of iron in the blast furnace, can partially replace cement in concrete. Slag slag concrete r1 aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh r2. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Marked structural, mechanical and physical differences have been identified in activated binders using precursors from different. Approximately 40% of iron and steel slag products, and 60% of blast furnace slag, are used in cement. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news.
On the portland blast furnace slag cement compressive strength and spliiting tensile strength. Figure 2 shows compressive strengths of mortars cured in a guide to the use of iron blast furnace slag in cement and concrete asa data sheet 3 3 figure 1. Using slag cement in concrete can greatly decrease the amount of portland cement typically used for a specific mixture of concrete. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Blast furnace slag cementsfly ash reference properties. Enter synonyms, trade names or additional information found in section 1. Waste derived fill blast furnace slag specification 2015. Mar 03, 2017 it is fully called as groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs and is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces.
Domestic grinding of granulated blast furnace slag was only done by cement companies. The granulated blast furnace slag may be used to make blast furnace slag cement either by being interground with the portland cement clinker or by grinding the blast furnace slag separately and then blend. Slag cement also called ground granulated blast furnace slag is a hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. Aside from being used as a cement additive, blast furnace slag can be added to concrete separately, thereby achieving an effect similar to concrete in its fresh and hardened state. Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blast furnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke. Chloride ion penetration after immersion in seawater for 3 years. When ironore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are producedmolten iron, and molten slag. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure. It results in the production of gas com pounds blast furnaces gas, of liquid slag castiron, and of solid gas dust. Blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing, via thermochemical reduction, in a blast furnace.
Individual composition of hazardous constituents will vary between slag types. As an alternative material for lowheat cement, granulated blast furnace slag can be considered. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, slag cement, blast furnace slag, granulated slag, pelletized slag, metallic slag, slag cement grade 80, 100, 120. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. Molten slag is tapped from a blast furnace, rapidly quenched with water granulated, dried and ground to a fine powder. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slag metal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. The granulated slag made by the rapid chilling of suitable molten slags from blast furnaces forms the basis of another group of constructional cements. Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo. It is clear to conclude that blast furnace slag can be used to replace cement pc50 in range of 30% to 40% in order to increase the resistance of concrete to chloride penetration without affecting.
Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. Is, portland blast furnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete. Identification of the material and supplier company details cement australia pty limited abn 75 104 053 474 18 station avenue tel. It is a recycled, environmentally friendly product. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag, has a relatively smooth texture and rounded shape.
Pdf properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. Loeschemills for cement and granulated blast furnace slag pdf. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study 455 superplasticizer. Iron and steel slag products are used in a variety of areas where their unique characteristics are put to effective use. A guide to the use of iron blast furnace slag in cement and concrete. Abstract ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of iron in the blast furnace, can partially replace cement in concrete. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Why we are using blast furnace slag cement in concrete. Pozzolana cement and blast furnace slag cement have many common grounds in performance see table 4. However the autogenous shrinkage of the portlamd blast furnace slag cement. Granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, blast furnace slag, steel slag, granulated slag, pelletized slag, metallic slag, air cooled slag, nonmetallic slag, slag cement, hydraulic slag cement, slag note. Applications lehigh slag cement is featured in a wide range of concrete and geotechnical applications including.
Properties of granulated blastfurnace slag cement concrete. By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag. A mixture of portland cement and granulated slag, containing up to 65 percent slag, is known in the englishspeaking countries as portland blast furnace slag cement. However, the use of high percentages of ground furnace slag may adversely affect the concrete early strength such as 1day strength when furnace slag is mixed at 50%. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag aggregate, the material is diverted from landfills. Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and utilized, particularly as a supplementary cementitious material for cement or alkaliactivated material, owing to its high hydraulic property or alkali activation reactivity. The report notes that blast furnace slag cements are normally used, any containing 65% or more slag is considered to be sulfate resistant and they design for as much as a 200 year life. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing.
From the abovementioned test results, autogenous shrinkage of the portland blast furnace slag cement concrete with blast furnace slag of 20% content and so 3 3. Full text pdf 2765k abstracts references4 in this study, portland blast furnace slag cement was manufactured in a trial in order to reduce both shrinkage and environmental impact and retain equivalent properties with ordinary portland cement. In this paper, the leaching resistance, strength, and nanostructural alteration of alkaliactivated blast furnace slag aabfs doped with 2% and 5% cesium were investigated. The use of ggbs in concrete has proved to improve certain properties, when compared to portland cement concretes. Influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag cement.
The slag and clinker were activated separately using a mill and mixed to prepare cement formulations 4. Modification of phase evolution in alkaliactivated blast. Grinding reduces the particle size to a cement fineness for use as a hydraulic cement, which is typically less than 3500 cm 2 g. Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces.
Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. These documents will give you a basic introduction to the nsa and the sources and uses of slag and slag based products. The slag is a waste product in the manufacturing process of pigiron and it contains the basic elements of cement, namely, alumina, lime and silica. Certified cement, granulated blast furnace slag, and blended cement program. Minnesota department of transportation certified cement. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. The french standards allow substituting 50% of portland cement by ggbfs. For more information call 0 cement 0 236 368 or visit au safety data sheet granulated blast furnace slag section 1.
Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. Lightweight cement aggregates are just one of the many and varied uses for this byproduct of the iron and steel industry. Fly ash and blast furnace slag are the most popular choices as main raw materials in the production of alkaliactivated materials, and their activation has been extensively studied over the past decades. Investigating the local granulated blast furnace slag. In european legislation, the usage of blast furnace slag as an additive to concrete, mortar and grout is covered by en 151671.
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